Greek Grammar Reference

Nominative Case The subject of the sentence Genitive Case Possession and 'of' relationships Dative Case Indirect object: 'to' or 'for' whom Accusative Case Direct object: receives the action Vocative Case Direct address: calling someone

Present Tense Action happening now or habitually Imperfect Tense Ongoing or repeated action in the past Future Tense Action that will happen Aorist Tense Simple past action (single event) Perfect Tense Completed action with present relevance Pluperfect Tense Completed action in past, 'had done'

Active Voice Subject performs the action Middle Voice Subject acts on or for itself Passive Voice Subject receives the action

Indicative Mood Stating facts or asking questions Subjunctive Mood Possibility, purpose, or uncertainty Optative Mood Wishes, polite requests, or remote possibility Imperative Mood Commands and requests Infinitive Verbal noun: 'to do' Participle Verbal adjective: '-ing' or '-ed'

Noun Person, place, thing, or idea Verb Action or state of being Adjective Describes a noun Adverb Describes how, when, or where Pronoun Replaces a noun Preposition Shows relationship between words Conjunction Connects words or clauses Particle Adds nuance or emphasis Article The word 'the'

Singular Number One person or thing Dual Number Exactly two Plural Number More than one

Masculine Gender Grammatical masculine Feminine Gender Grammatical feminine Neuter Gender Grammatical neuter